What type of nonlethal weapon is designed to incapacitate without causing permanent injury?

Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs), such as tasers, are specifically designed to incapacitate individuals temporarily by delivering an electric shock that disrupts the body's neuromuscular system. This method of incapacitation is effective because it can immobilize a person without causing permanent injury when used correctly according to guidelines. CEDs provide law enforcement and military personnel with a means to control potentially dangerous situations without resorting to lethal force, aligning with the principles of nonlethal engagement.

The other options, while they may also incapacitate, have different risk profiles and can lead to more severe injuries under certain circumstances. Stun grenades create a loud noise and bright flash, disorienting individuals but not reliably incapacitating them without a risk of injury. Rubber bullets can cause significant pain and bruising, and they may lead to severe injuries if misused or if they strike sensitive areas of the body. Chemical irritants, while effective at causing temporary incapacitation through pain and discomfort, can also pose health risks, particularly to vulnerable populations or in enclosed spaces. Thus, CEDs stand out as a safer nonlethal option designed specifically to incapacitate with minimal risk of permanent harm.